What is BRCA?

The BRCA gene mutation refers to a change in one of two genes, BRCA1 or BRCA2, that are responsible for helping repair DNA damage in our cells. Normally, these genes act like safeguards, fixing genetic damage that could lead to cancer. However, when someone inherits a mutation in one of these genes, it no longer works correctly, which allows damaged DNA to accumulate, increasing the risk of cancer.

People with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation have a much higher chance of developing certain cancers, especially breast and ovarian cancer. For example, while the average woman has about a 12% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, someone with a BRCA mutation can have up to a 72% risk, depending on other factors.

These mutations can be passed down from either parent, and men can also carry the mutation, increasing their risk for cancers like prostate, breast, and pancreatic cancer. Knowing whether you have a BRCA mutation is important because it allows you to take preventive steps, like increased screenings, preventative surgeries, or other risk-reducing strategies to manage your cancer risk.